Google lost its final appeal against a €4.1B EU antitrust fine over Android after the EU's Court of Justice dismissed the challenge this week, fixing Alphabet's exposure with no further route to contest it. Regulators had ruled that Google shut out search competitors by making Android licenses conditional on phone makers bundling Google Search, Chrome, and the Play Store onto their devices. This ruling closes one of the last major cases from the EU's first wave of Big Tech antitrust enforcement, which has since shifted toward ongoing gatekeeper obligations under the Digital Markets Act and Digital Services Act rather than one-off fines.
